Symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder among people presenting for cosmetic dental treatment: a comparative study of cosmetic dental patients and a general population

Objectives: To determine appearance concerns of patients presenting for cosmetic treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included consecutive patients of six different cosmetic clinics (n = 170), and a sample of the general population (n = 878). A study-specific self report questionnaire was administered to document demographic and appearance concerns. Presence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) was assessed based on DSM-IV criteria. Results: Cosmetic dental patients did not differ from the reference sample with regard to happiness, and satisfaction with their appearance. However, differences were found with regard to frequency of previous general cosmetic (16.5 % vs 5.9 %) and cosmetic dental (47.9 % vs 24.8 %) procedures. Furthermore, a significantly higher proportion of the cosmetic dental patients sufficed for the two key screening criteria of BDD (9.5 % vs 5.5 %), and for the full diagnostic screen of BDD (4.2 % vs 1.5 %) compared to the respondents of the reference group. Conclusions: The results suggest that symptoms of BDD are relatively common among patients attending cosmetic clinics. It is important to assess the long-term effects of comprehensive cosmetic procedures, particularly in patients with disproportionate appearance concerns.